The change of NOS in pulmonary oxygen toxicity induced by different oxygen pressure / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Long time exhaled oxygen will induced oxygen toxicity. Some studies had found that different pathology may exised in normobaric and hyperbaric pulmonary oxygen toxicity, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may play a role. In this study, we discussed the change of NOS in normobaric and hyperbaric pulmonary oxygen toxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10), exposed to 1 ATA (atmosphere absolute), 1.5 ATA, 2 ATA, 2.5 ATA and 3 ATA, 100% oxygen for 56, 20, 10, 8, 6 hours respectively. Rats were exposed to air as control. After exposure, the protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the wet/dry weight of lung and the expression of eNOS, nNOS in lung were defined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared to air group, the protein in BALF, the wet/dry of lung were significantly elevated in 1.0 ATA group, while these changes were not so obviously in the other groups, and these changes in hyperbaric oxygen group (approximately 1.0 ATA) were significantly decreased as compared with nonnrmobaric oxygen group (1.0 ATA). The expression of nNOS were not changed in normobaric and hyperbaric pulmonary oxygen toxicity, while the expression of eNOS was significantly decreased in 2 ATA group, and significantly elevated in 2.5 ATA and 3 ATA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of eNOS can change when exposed to different pressures of oxygen.</p>

Relationship between maternal and neonatal thyroid function in a high iodine area / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To find out iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester and the relationship between pregnant women and their neonates thyroid function in a high iodine area.Methods From April to June 2010,210 copies of fasting morning urine and venous blood,and their neonatal umbilical cord blood samples were collected in Haixing Hospital,Cangzhou city,Hebei province.Urinary iodine was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The levels of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine (FT4) and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (sTSH) in serum were measured by chemiluminescence.Results Median urinary iodine of 210 pregnant women(average age 27.69 ± 4.73 years) in the third trimester was 1240.70 μg/L,84.3％(177/210) of them was in excessive iodine nutrition,and only 0.5％(1/210) of them was in adequate iodine nutrition.The prevalence rate of thyroid diseases was 19.5％ (41/210),and the spectrum of diseases were subclinical hypothyroidism(16.2％,34/210),subclinical hyperthyroidism(0.9％,2/210),hypothyroidism(2.4％,5/210) and hyperthyroidism (0,0/210).The number of newborns with sTSH 5 - ＞ 10 mU/L were 104 persons (49.5％); 10 - ＞ 20 mU/L were 44 persons(21.0％),and ≥20 mU/L were 16 persons(7.6％).Of pregnant women suffer from thyroid disease,the ratio(50.0％,24/48 ) of sTSH equal to 10.18 mU/L and ＞ 10 mU/L of their neonates was higher than that of their corresponding non-ill pregnant women(6.78 mU/L,Z =- 2.867,P ＜ 0.05; 22.2％,36/162,x2 =14.000,P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between neonates' and their mothers' sTSH levels (r =0.278,P ＜ 0.05).There was also a positive correlation between neonates' (sTSH ＞ 10 mU/L) and their mothers' abnormal sTSH levels (r =0.240,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Most of the pregnant women in high iodine areas are iodine excess.The level of neonates' sTSH is higher,and it is due to their mothers' abnormal sTSH and suffering from thyroid diseases to some extent.As a result,the monitoring of pregnant women's iodine nutrition and thyroid function and sTSH level of their neonates should be strengthened.

Investigation of thyroid function abnormalities in children in high water iodine areas of Hebei province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the level of thyroid function and the prevalence of the thyroid diseases of children in high water iodine areas.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two primary schools were selected by purposive sampling from Haixing county, Hebei province in April 2010. A total of 371 children were selected from six classes by cluster sampling in the schools. Morning-urine and venous blood (5 ml) were collected to measure the levels of urinary iodine, free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), free thyroxine (FT(4)) and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (sTSH) in serum and to evaluate the iodine status and thyroid function of children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median urinary iodine of the children was 1032.08 µg/L. Overall, 96.2% (357/371) of the children's urinary iodine were ≥ 300 µg/L and 68.5% (254/371) were ≥ 800 µg/L. The level of FT(3) and FT(4) were (6.28 ± 0.81) pmol/L and (16.37 ± 2.72) pmol/L, respectively. The median of sTSH was 4.01 mU/L. The FT(4) among boys ((16.63 ± 2.60) pmol/L) was significantly higher than that among girls ((15.99 ± 2.85) pmol/L) (P < 0.05). Overall, 44 subjects were diagnosed as thyroid disease (11.9%), 25 were subclinical hypothyroidism (57% of the total patients), 4 were hypothyroidism (9%), 10 were hyperthyroidism (23%) and 5 were subclinical hyperthyroidism (11%). In the urinary iodine of 200 - 799 µg/L, the prevalence of thyroid disease and hypothyroidism were 6.3% (7/111) and 14.6% (27/254), respectively. When urinary iodine ≥ 800 µg/L, the prevalence of thyroid diseases and hypothyroidism were 3.6% (4/111) and 8.3% (21/254), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most of the children in high water iodine areas had excessive iodine intake. Levels of the children's thyroid hormone were within the normal range. The prevalence of thyroid disease were high, in these areas and the thyroid disease were mainly the subclinical hypothyroidism.</p>

Study on the iodine status of pregnant women and thyroid function of neonate in high iodine area / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the iodine status of pregnant women and its impact on thyroid function of neonates in high iodine area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 210 pregnant women were chosen from a hospital in Haixing county, Hebei province. Pregnant women's random urinary and neonates' cord blood were collected. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (sTSH) in serum were measured by chemiluminescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of 210 pregnant women was (27.69 +/- 4.73) years old, whose urinary iodine median (inter-quartile range ) was 1240.70 (1292.68) microg/L. 84.3% (177/210) of the pregnant women had excessive iodine intake (UIC > or = 500 microg/L), 13.8% (29/210) had more than adequate iodine intake( UIC within 250 - 499 microg/L), 0.5% (1/210) had adequate iodine intake (UIC within 150 - 249 microg/L) and 1.4% (3/210) had insufficient iodine intake (UIC < 150 microg/L). The average serum level of FT3, FT4 in neonates were (2.93 +/- 0.59), (15.03 +/- 1.92) pmol/L, respectively. The median (inter-quartile range) of serum sTSH in neonates were 7.33 (5.59) mU/L 78.1% (164/210) of the neonates' serum TSH were beyond 5 mU/L. There were no correlation between pregnant women's urinary iodine level and neonates' serum FT3 and sTSH level (P > 0.05), but there was a positive correlation between pregnant women's urinary iodine level and neonates' serum FT4 level (P < 0.01). Serum FT4 level of the neonates with whose mothers had insufficient iodine intake ((12.99 +/- 1.10) pmol/L) were statistically lower than those with their mothers had excessive iodine intake (15.16 +/- 1.83) pmol/L) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most of the pregnant women in high iodine area were excessive for iodine nutrition, but still a few pregnant women had insufficient iodine nutrition. The level of neonates' serum sTSH were relatively high and monitoring of risk of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism should be strengthened.</p>

The effect of iodine excess on bone metabolism in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of iodine excess on bone metabolism in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rats. Methods We selected 36 female Lewis rats with body weight of (131 ± 15)g,and divided them into 3 groups randomly: control group, EAT group and EAT + high iodine group, assuring 12 rats in every group. These rats were fed fodder with different concentration of iodine(0.9,0.9, 18.0 mg/kg), and rats in EAT group and EAT + high iodine group were immunized with pig thyroglobulin(pTG) and complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) to create EAT model. After two weeks, the pathological changes of the thyroid tissues were observed,and the serum thyroid autoantibody[thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb) and thyroid microsomal antibody(TMAb)], the thyroid hormone levels[triiodo thyronine(T3) and thyrine(T4)] and some relevant data of bone metabolism[bone gla protein (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PICP),C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (ICTP), insulin-like growth factor- 1 ( IGF- 1 ), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)] were measured. Results Inflammatory cell infiltration and local follicular structural damage were observed in the thyroid tissues of EAT rats in EAT group and EAT + high iodine group, and the pathological changes of EAT + high iodine group were mainly thyroid follicular expansion and integration. The level of serum TGAb, TMAb, T3 and T4 of EAT rats in EAT group and EAT + high iodine group[ (63.01 ± 12.36)%, (60.62 ± 11.24)%, (3.78 ± 1.43), (125.12 ± 16.00)pmol/L and (75.00 ± 15.44)%,(72.15 ± 15.00)%, (3.69 ± 0.91 ), (149.40 ± 20.67)pmol/L] were higher than those of the control group[ (4.47 ±1.04)%, (5.73 ± 1.01 )%, (0.75 ± 0.12), (76.91 ± 9.30)pmol/L, all P ＜ 0.05], and the level of serum TGAb,TMAb and T4 of EAT rats in EAT + high iodine group were higher than those of the EAT group(all P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum BGP, PICP and IGF- 1 in EAT group[ ( 1.70 ± 0.31 ), ( 11.31 ± 1.52) μg/L, (0.31 ± 0.06 ) mg/L]were lower than those of the control group[ (8.60 ± 0.33), (14.28 ± 3.10)μg/L, (1.16 ± 0.02)mg/L, all P ＜0.05], and the level of serum TRAP, ICTP, OPG and RANKL[ ( 19.88 ± 3.60)ng/L, (2.43 ± 0.82), (22.36 ± 2.80),( 1.35 ± 0.23 )μg/L] were higher than those of the control group[ ( 14.57 ± 3.56)ng/L, (0.50 ± 0.20), (1.61 ± 0.34),(0.10 ± 0.02)μg/L, all P ＜ 0.05]; compared with EAT group, the level of PCIP and OPG in EAT + high iodine group [ (8.03 ± 1.84), ( 16.80 ± 3.79)μg/L] were obviously decreased(all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The reinforcement of differentiation and maturation of osteoblast in the EAT rats results in the increasing of bone resorption. The activity of osteoblast and osteoclast of the EAT rats are inhibited by excessive iodine, showing a low conversion-type osteoporosis.

The effect of selenium on the expression of Fas/FasL in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats' thyroid with adequate iodine / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of different selenium intake on the expression of apoptosis protein Fas/FasL in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rats' thyroid with adequate iodine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two female lewis rats were divided stochastically into 4 groups as C group, M group, Se(+) + M group, Se(-) + M group, respectively, and pretreated with feedstuffs containing different concentrations of selenium (Se(+) + M group 2 mg/kg, C and M group 0.20 mg/kg, Se(-) + M group 0.02 mg/kg, respectively) for two weeks, and immunized the rats with porcine thyroglobulin (pTg) to establish an EAT model. The thyroid gland was sampled, embedded in mineral wax and sliced, and the expression of Fas/FasL was measured with immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the expressions of Fas and FasL of EAT rats were significantly increased as compared with control group. The expression of Fas in rats' thyroid follicular cells with EAT was down-regulated as the increased selenium intake (optical density: 0.059 +/- 0.006), the expression of Fas of Se(+) + M group (0.036 +/- 0.004) was significantly inhibited (q = 11.591, P = 0.000), and expression of Fas was lower in the Se(+) + M group than Se(-) + M group (0.050 +/- 0.005) (q = 7.055 , P = 0.000). Effect of selenium on FasL was not identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Increasing the intake of selenium might decrease the expression of Fas on thyroid follicular cells and restrain the development of EAT.</p>

Study on content of iodine in food in Tianjin market and iodine nutrition conditions among college students / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To know about content of iodine in foods sold in Tianjing markets presently, and the iodine nutrition conditions in college students. It was also aimed to probe the functions of the iodized salt complement with the dietary iodine intake, and whether the urine iodine could reflect dietary iodine intake.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>278 food samples in markets were collected by a randomly stratified sampling method, while the arsenic-cerium catalytic contact method was used to determine the content in food. The dietary information of students for seven days was recorded, and the urine iodine was determined through the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The determination of 47 kinds and 278 food samples indicated that the content of iodine within animal foods (7.8 microg/100 g - 30.8 microg/100 g) was higher than that within plant foods (1.8 microg/100 g - 16.1 microg/100 g). The investigation also showed that students who regarded vegetarian food as principle accounted for 70. 19%. The amount of dietary iodine intake among those students, based on the dietary survey, was (111.67 +/- 53.18) microg/d, while supplementary iodine from iodized salt was about (230.27 +/- 45.55) microg/d. Therefore, the total iodine provided from diet would be (341.95 +/- 89.58) microg/d. Modified by urine creatinine, the median of urine iodine was 271.28 microg/gCr, and the urine iodine and dietary iodine intake was found positively related (r(s) = 0.463, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Regarding the vegetarian food as the principle, most of students investigated are not rich. The dietary iodine intake is lower than RDA (150 microg), but it can be obtained the iodized salt by 230. 27 microg, which is the possible supplement to the shortage from foods.</p>